Appendix 1: Formula Reference

The following is a list of valid operators that can be added manually or added using the operator list.

Math Operators

Operator	Description
Addition (+)	Returns the sum of A plus B.
Subtraction (-)	Returns the difference of A minus B.
Multiplication ()*	Returns the product of A multiplied by B.
Division (/)	Returns the quotient of A divided by B.
Modulus (%)	Returns the remainder of the integer division of A divided by B.
Power Pow(x,y) or X ^ Y	Returns X raised to the Y power.
Log base 10 Log( x )	Returns the log base 10 of X.
Natural Log Ln( x )	Returns the natural log of X.
Square Root Sqrt( x )	Returns the square root of X.
Square Sqr( x )	Returns the square of X.
Absolute value Abs( x )	Returns the absolute value of X.
Minimum Min( x,y )	Returns the minimum of X and Y.
Maximum Max( x,y )	Returns the maximum of X and Y.
Floor Floor( x )	Returns the floor of X, which is the nearest whole number less than X.
Ceiling Ceil( x )	Returns the ceiling of X, which is the nearest whole number greater than X.
Truncate Trunc( x )	Returns the truncated value of X, which is the integer portion of X.
Sign Sign(x)	Returns 1 for X greater than 0, -1 for X less than 0, and 0 for X equal to 0.

Trigonometric Operators

Operator	Description
Sine Sin( x )	Returns the sine of X, where X is expressed in radians.
Cosine Cos( x )	Returns the cosine of X, where X is expressed in radians.
Tangent Tan( x )	Returns the tangent of X, where X is expressed in radians.
Arcsine Asin( x )	Returns the inverse sine of X, expressed in radians.
Arccosine Acos( x )	Returns the inverse cosine of X, expressed in radians.
Arctangent Atan( x )	Returns the inverse tangent of X, expressed in radians.
Hyperbolic sine Sinh( x )	Returns the hyperbolic sine of X.
Hyperbolic cosine Cosh( x )	Returns the hyperbolic cosine of X.
Cotangent Cotan( x )	Returns the hyperbolic tangent of X.

Boolean Operators

Operator	Description
Equal to =	Returns true when A equals B and false otherwise.
Not equal !=	Returns true when A does not equal B and false otherwise.
Greater than >	Returns true when A is greater than B and false otherwise.
Less than <	Returns true when A is less than B and false otherwise.
Greater than or equal to >=	Returns true when A is greater than or equal to B and false otherwise.
Less than or equal to <=	Returns true when A is less than or equal to B and false otherwise.
Is Null IsNull( x )	Returns true when X is undefined or missing and false otherwise.

Logical Operators

Operator	Description
If then else If( x,y,z )	Returns the result Y when X is true and Z otherwise. True is any nonzero result or boolean expression that returns true.
And &	Returns the result of A and B, where both A and B are evaluated as boolean expressions.
Or \|	Returns the result of A or B, where both A and B are evaluated as boolean expressions.
Not !	Returns the logical opposite of the boolean value appearing to the right. True will become false, and vice versa.
If Null IfNull( x, y)	Returns Y if X is undefined or null and X otherwise.
Stop Stop	The stop command must appear alone and prevents the calculation from continuing beyond the formula's start time.

Constants

Operator

Description

Pi
(3.14159265358979)

Pi is the approximate value for the constant Pi.

Null
(undefined)

Is an undefined value and is sometimes used to suppress bad data. Example: If ([Pressure] < 0, Null, [Pressure]).

CFStoMGD
(0.646317)

Numeric conversion from cubic feet/second to millions of gallons per day.

e
(2.7182818284590452354)

E is the approximate value for the natural log base value.

LastResult

Use the value from the previous interval in the next interval of the calculation, allowing for many useful calculations.

EXAMPLE

Here are some examples of how you would use the LastResult constant in calculated measurement equations: